Roadway.



l l v l /WENTOR No. 779,294. PATENTBD JAN. 3v, 1905.

D. N. LONG, DEGD.

M A. LONG, EXEGUTRIX.

ROADWAY.

APPLICATION FILED DB0. 20. 1902.

, -l 3 SHEETS-SHEET 1..

PATENTBD JAN. 3, 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ROADWAY.

D. N. LONG, DEOD.

M. A. LONG, BXEGUTRIX,

APPLICATION FILED DEG. Z0, 1902.

010.770,204. PATENTBD m00, 1005.

D.. N. LONG, DBCD.

M. A. LONG, EXEOUTBIX.

ROADWAY. APPLIATION FILED 1320.20, 1902.

/NVENTO UNITED STATES Patented January f3, 1905.

PATENT OEEICE.

DAVID N. LONG, OF WAYNESBORO, PENNSYLVANIA; MARY A. LONG EXEOUTRIX OF SAID DAVID N. LONG, DEOEASED.

ROADWAY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent NO. 779,294, dated January 3, 1905.

Application iilecl December 20,1902. Serial No. 136,044.

To all whom, t may concern:

Be it known thatpl, DAVID N. LONG, a citizen of the United States, residing at Vaynesboro, in the county of Franklin and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Roadways; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to roadways for wagons, automobiles, and .other Vehicles, and has specially in view the provision of a novel and practical construction of wheel-track designed for improving country roads and city streets by providing at a minimum expense a smooth,

durable, and cleanly track-surface upon which the wheels of the vehicle run.

To this end the invention contemplates a construction of wheel-track embodying a construction wherein a smooth traction-surface .is presented for vehicles and pedestrians along roads and streets which otherwise usually present rough and unclean surfaces for travel.

The essential feature of the invention involved in the novel manner of laying the individual tracks is necessarily susceptible to a variety of modifications without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention; but a few of the preferred embodiments are suggested in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a cross-sectional view of a highway or wheel-track embodying one form of the invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the construction shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the improved highway or wheeltrack built upon an old road-bed. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the construction shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the improved highway or wheel-track built upon an old Cobble-stone pavement. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the construction shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. l is a cross-section of a roadway, the

.foundation 1 being preferably a well-drained soil into which depressions may be made for the concrete base 2, into which paving-bricks 3 may be bedded while it is still soft, so their upper surfaces present a nearly true and even surface, to form smooth and durable tracks for wagon-wheels, after which the spaces around or between the bricks 3 may be filled with a grout of hardening cement. By placing the concrete 2 in depressions in the roadway a good foundation for the bricks may be secured, while a minimum amount of stone is required between and outside of the tracks, a single layer or two of two or three inch crushed stone being sufficient in most cases if well bound with a tenacious clay.

The bricks 3 are preferably set at an angle between twenty and seventy degrees from the line of the road, about as shown in a top view in Fig. 2, so the projectingcorners and recesses on the side of the wheel-tracks will enable wagon-wheels to mount thereon without tending to form ruts along the sides of said tracks. The bricks 3 shouldbe about the same angle in both tracks to present as nearly a square surface as practicable to the wheels engaging them from the outsides when returning to the tracks from the right side after turning out for passing teams. brick pieces where stones are not available, may be located in the recesses on the inner Stones 4, or.

sides of said tracks andproject above the surface of the bricks to cause the wheels to remain more readily upon the tracks. In many cases if these projecting stones are located from four to ten feet or more apart they will answer the purpose and leave the space between them more even for the horses feet. The surfaces of the stone isliould preferably slope toward the bricks 3. The recesses between them may be filled with crushed stone. Stones 5 may also be placed in the outer recesses to prevent ruts being formed next to the bricks 3; but their tops should be even with or slope downward from the upper surfaces of the bricks 3 to enable the dirt and mud to readily pass off from the wheel-tracks formed by the bricks 3. In some cases it 5 projects above and some distance outward from the outer or inner recesses at nearly right angles with the bricks 3 and beyond the next one about as shown, they will form depressions on their sides next to the bricks 3 and oblige any wheels entering said depressions to mount upon said tracks. The bricks 3 can be laid fiat in a horizontal crosswise position or ata slight outward-sloping angle, about as shown, to cause the -mud and water to more readily pass 'off from their sides. Bricks having projections 3 extending outward may also be used to take the place of the stones 5 and 5, Some of the bricks 3 and 3 may alsofhave slanting ends to allow bricks 4 to fit closely to them.

Fig. 3 shows a cross-section of a brick roadtrack built upon an old road-bed, which will answer the purpose, even if of earth, if naturally Well drained. rlhe crosswise treadblocks or bricks 6 may be laid [iat and slope slightly outward and should be bedded in a layer of concrete 8 before the latter has hardened, so the bricks 6 will present an even and true upper surface, when the spaces surrounding` them may be grouted with a hardening cement. The inside bricks 7 may engage or interlock into depressions made by the jogging of the bricks 6, about as shown in a top view of Fig. 4, and in turn present jogs on their inner sides to engage the wagon-wheels, and thusprevent the formation of ruts along the sides thereof.

The bricks 7 and 7" may slope about as shown in Fig. 3 to carry the wheels upon the bricks 6, and their outer edg'es may also be raised above the upper surface of the bricks 6, about as shown in Fig. 3, or their outer edges may preferably be practically even with the bricks 6, especially forautornobile use, so the tires will not be worn out thereby. Where obtainable preferably fiat stones may be substituted for the bricks 7. Stones or bricks 9 may be placed in the jogs on the outer side of the bricks 6 and about even therewith. In some cases the stones 9 may be placed four to ten feet or more apart and project a little above the bricks 6 and 6, which latter may be laid without jogging to keep the wheels on the bricks 6 and allow the mud to work off. The crushed stone or other ballast 8 should be well compacted by rolling and then bound to secure them from raveling by filling the spaces between them, and especially their upper layer, with a tenacious clay 8, which in turn maybe covered with sand or a sandy loam to prevent the clay from raveling until thoroughly settled and compacted. The crushed stones 8 may taper ofi' to meet the earth, about as shown. about three and onehalf feet from the tracks, making aroad about ktwelve feet wide and enabling two teams to readily pass each other, or it may rise from the .bricks 6, about as shown in dotted lines,

to carry ali of the water falling on the road to the bricks 6 by the shortest possible distance. The bricks 6 and 7 may also be laid without jogging, as shown in Fig. 4, in which case stones or bricks 9 may be placed in jogs formed by occasionally using a shorter brick. or the bricks 6 may occasionally be jogged to receive them. The stones 9 should project above the bricks 6 to prevent the wagon-wheels when traveling on the track from getting on the edges of the bricks 6 and tend to wear them off or form ruts outside of them. rlhe inside stones 10 may interlock in spaces in the bricks 7 and project slightly above them to meet the same ends as the stones 9. Stones 10" may also be placed at intervals on the inside of the tracks or bricks 7a and project above them to force and keep the wheels upon the said tracks.

In Fig. 5 is shown a cross-section of abrick wagon-wheel track-road built upon an old cobble-stone pavement 11. The lengthwise bricks 12 form the tracks and may be set on stone or cement 11 and leveled to atrue surface by forcing a straightedge down upon them before the cement 2 has hardened, after which the spaces surrounding them may be filled with a hardening grout or cement. When the bricks 12 are scarce or expensive, they maybe placed lengthwise and be jogged about as shown in a top view in Fig. 6, so the side bricks or stones 13 and 14 may interlock therein at intervals of about two to ten feet or more or form a continuous surface like the bricks 14. Especially in the latter case the bricks 13 may slant toward the bricks 12 to carry the wag'on-wheels upon the bricks 12. The stones or bricks 14 may also interlock into the bricks 12 at intervals or form a continuous surface. In the latter case they may slant slightly downward from the bricks 12 to readily carry the mud off from them, while if used only at intervals at from about two to ten feet or more they may project above the bricks 12, as the-mud will readily work off the tracks from between them. Lengthwise bricks 12, forming the tread or track for the wagon-wheels, may also be laid without jogging by jogging an occasional brick 12b, preferably from about four to ten feet apart, according to the grade of the road and its trafiic, in which case side stones or bricks 13b and 14b may be placed in the jogs and project above the surface of the tracks to prevent the wagon-wheels from running onto the edge thereof and wearing them off and forming ruts along their sides.

The crushed stone between and on the outsides of the tracks 12 should be leveled and compacted, after which they may be secured from raveling by filling or binding with an adhesive clay, preferably combined with water, either before or after using. The crushed stones may also be used to level any unevenness in the old pavement before binding with clay. V

IIO

IIS

from a right angle, to form projections to engage vehicle-wheels and carryA thern upon said j tracks.

3. Wheel-tracks of paving-blocks set at an angle from the line of said tracks deviating from a right angle the projecting corners of which engage projecting stones or bricks to carry wheels upon said tracks.

4. Wheel-tracks of paving-blocks set at an angle from the line of said tracks deviating from a right angle, forming alternating recesses and projections on the sides thereof.

Two tracks for wagon-wheels of bricks set at nearly the same angle in each track, said angle deviating from a right angle.

6. Wheel-tracks of paving-blocks set at an angle from the line of said tracks deviating from a right angle, recesses on the inner sides thereof engaging projections.

7 Wheel-tracks of paving-blocks set atan angle from the line of said tracks deviating from a right angle, recesses on the inner side thereof and projections from said recesses eX- tending above the surface of said tracks.

8. Wheel-tracks of paving-blocks set at an angle frorn the line of said tracks, deviating from a right angle, recesses on the inner sides thereof, projections from said recesses extending beyond the line of said tracks.

9. Wheel-tracks of paving-blocks set at an angle from the line of said tracks deviating from a right angle, recesses on the inner sides thereof, projections from said recesses extending above the surface of said tracks and sloping toward said tracks.

10. Wheel-tracks of paving-blocks set at an angle from the line of said tracks, deviating from a right angle, recesses on the inner sides thereof upward projections from said recesses sloping upward from the surface of said tracks.

11. Wheel-tracks of paving-blocks set at an angle from the line of said tracks deviating from a right angle, recesses on the inner sid es thereof upward projections from said recesses at wide intervals.

12. VVheel-tracks of paving blocks or bricks set at an angle from the line of said tracks recesses on the outer sides of said tracks, substantially as set forth.

13. Wheel-tracks of paving blocks or bricks set at angle from the line of said tracks, recesses on the outer sides of said tracks, outward projections from said recesses.

14. Wheel-tracks of paving blocks or bricks set at an angle from the line of said tracks, recesses along the sides of said tracks, outwardlyextending projections from said recesses, sloping downward from said tracks.

15. Vheel-tracks of paving blocks or bricks set at an angle from the line of said tracks, recesses along the sides of said tracks,upwardly extending projections-from said recesses at intervals frorn about four to ten feet or more to enable the mud to work off the tracks in the spaces between them.

16. Wheel-tracks of paving blocks or bricks set at an angle from the line of said tracks and sloping froin horizontal. A

17. Wheel-tracks of. paving blocks or bricks set at angle from the lineof said tracks, recesses on the outer sides of said tracks, said bricks laid iatwise.

18. VVheel-tracks of paving-bricks having occasional angular projections.

19. lVagon-wheel tracks of paving blocks or bricks located crosswise said bricks lying flatwise and jogging from a straight line.

20. Vagon-wheel tracks of paving blocks or bricks located crosswise, said bricks lying flatwise, and jogging from a straight line, inside bricks interlocking into said jogs.

21. VVagon-wheel tracks of paving blocks or bricks located crosswise, said bricks lying flatwise and jogging from a straightline, fortning projections upon their inner sides.

22. Wagon-wheel tracks of paving blocks or bricks lengthwise blocks or bricks, inside of and adjacent to said tracks and sloping upward therefrom, their outer edges being nearly even with said tracks.

23. Wagon-wheel tracks of paving blocks or bricks stones projecting outwardly and downwardly therefrom.

24. VagOn-wheel tracks of paving blocks or bricks stones projecting upwardly on the outside therefrom at intervals of about four to ten feet or more.

25. Wfagon-wheel tracks of paving blocks or bricks blocks or bricks lengthwise of and adjacent to said tracks along the inner marginal edges thereof and upwardly-projecting stones on the outside of said tracks at intervals of four to ten feet.

26. Vagon-wheel tracks of smooth-surfaced paving blocks or bricks jogging from a straight line and upward projections at wide intervals from said jogs.

27. WVagOnw heel tracks of smooth-surfaced paving blocks or bricks jogging from a straight line, side bricks or stones projecting from said jogs.

28. Vagon-wheel tracks of smooth-surfaced paving blocks or bricks jogging from a straight line, side bricks or stones projecting from said jogs in an inward direction at an upward angle from the surface of said tracks.

29. lVagon-wheel tracks of smooth-surfaced paving blocks or bricks jogging from a straight line, side bricks or stones projecting from said jogs in an outward direction at a horizontal or downward angle from the surface of said tracks.

30. lVagon-wheel tracks of paving blocks IIO or bricks jogging froma straight line, side bricks or stones projecting' from and between said jogs in an inward direction at an upward angle from said tracks and forming a continuous surface.

31. lagon-wheel tracks of paving blocks or bricks jogging from a straight line, side bricks or stones projecting from and between said jogs in an outward direction at a horizontal or downward angle from said tracks and forming a continuous surface.

32. Wagon-wheel tracks of paving blocks or bricks jogging' from a straight line, side bricks or stones projecting from said jogs, in an outward and upwardly direction at intervals of about four to ten feet or more.

33. A wheelway of crosswise bricks at an angle from right angle with said way. some of said bricks having angular projections substantially as set forth.

34. Projections extending from the sides of wheel-tracks at nearly the usual angle of wheels when mounting thereon, forming adepress'ion between said projections and said tracks to catch and force wagonwheels to mount thereon without sliding and forming ruts on the sides of said tracks, substantially as set forth.

35. Projections at wide intervals extending from the sides of wheel-tracks at nearly the usual angle of wheels when mounting thereon, substantially as set forth.

36. Projections at wide intervals extending from the sides of wheel-tracks at nearly the usual angle of wheels when mounting thereon, stone ballast between said projections adjacent to said tracks, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

DAVID N. LONG.

NVitnesses: A

J oHN L. FLETCHER, DAVlD L. GETT. 

